Class Eight Use of Gerund/Participle/Infinitive Exercise and Rules
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What is infinitive?
Infinitives are versatile and can be used in
various ways in sentences. Here are some common uses:
- As the subject of a sentence:
- Example: To read is
my favorite hobby.
- As the object of a verb:
- Example: She wants to
learn Spanish.
- To show purpose or intention:
- Example: He went to the
store to buy groceries.
- After certain adjectives:
- Example: She is eager to
start her new job.
- To modify nouns:
- Example: He has a lot of
work to do.
- As an adverb modifying a verb:
- Example: She paused to
think.
Infinitives are
formed by adding “to” before the base form of a verb, like “to eat,” “to run,”
or "to be"
Some common verbs that are typically
followed by the infinitive form (to + verb):
1. Afford ➤ I can't afford to buy a new
car.
2. Agree ➤ She agreed to help us.
3. Aim
➤
He aims to become a doctor.
4. Appear ➤ They appear to be happy.
5. Arrange ➤ We arranged to meet at noon.
6. Attempt ➤ She attempted to solve the
problem.
7. Beg
➤
He begged to stay longer.
8. Choose ➤ She chose to leave early.
9. Decide ➤ They decided to go on
vacation.
10. Expect ➤ I expect to finish the
project soon.
11. Hope ➤ We hope to see you there.
12. Learn ➤ She learned to play the
piano.
13. Manage ➤ He managed to escape.
14. Offer ➤ They offered to help us.
15. Plan ➤ We plan to visit Paris.
16. Promise ➤ She promised to call me.
17. Refuse ➤ He refused to answer.
18. Seem ➤ It seems to be working.
19. Tend ➤ They tend to talk a lot.
20. Want ➤ I want to leave now.
21. Wish ➤ She wishes to travel the
world.
22. Would like ➤ I would like to order a
coffee.
These verbs are often used with the infinitive to indicate actions, intentions, or plans.
Exercise Test :
1. Abdullah was excited __________ (to start/starting)
his new job. He knew that __________ (to learn/learning) quickly was important.
After __________ (to read/reading) the company handbook, he began __________
(to meet/meeting) his new colleagues. While __________ (to
introduce/introducing) himself, he realized he needed __________ (to
remember/remembering) everyone's names.
2. Taspiya decided __________ (to travel/traveling) to
Europe for her vacation. She enjoyed __________ (to explore/exploring) new
places. After __________ (to book/booking) her flights, she started __________
(to plan/planning) her itinerary. While __________ (to research/researching)
destinations, she found many interesting spots __________ (to visit/visiting).
3. Naima wanted __________ (to improve/improving) her
fitness. She knew that __________ (to exercise/exercising) regularly was key.
After __________ (to join/joining) a gym, she began __________ (to
follow/following) a workout routine. While __________ (to lift/lifting)
weights, she realized she needed __________ (to focus/focusing) on her form.
4. Rafiq was determined __________ (to write/writing)
a novel. He understood that __________ (to dedicate/dedicating) time each day
was essential. After __________ (to outline/ outlining) his plot, he started
__________ (to write/writing) the first chapter. While __________ (to
develop/developing) his characters, he found it helpful __________ (to
take/taking) notes.
5. Marua planned __________ (to start/starting) her
own business. She knew that __________ (to research/researching) the market was
crucial. After __________ (to gather/gathering) information, she began
__________ (to create/creating) a business plan. While __________ (to
draft/drafting) her proposal, she realized she needed __________ (to
seek/seeking) advice from experts.
The answers:
1. to start, learning, reading, to meet, introducing, to remember
2. to travel, exploring, booking, to plan, researching, to visit
3. to improve, exercising, joining, to follow, lifting, to focus
4. to write, dedicating, outlining, to write, developing, to take
5. to start, researching, gathering, to create, drafting, to seek
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What is Gerund?
A gerund is a verb form that ends in -ing and
functions as a noun in a sentence. Here are some common uses of gerunds:
1. As the subject of a sentence:
o Example: Swimming is a great workout.
2. As the object of a verb:
o Example: She enjoys reading.
3. As the object of a preposition:
o Example: He is interested in learning new languages.
4. As a subject complement:
o Example: Her favorite hobby is painting.
Some common verbs that are always followed by a gerund:
1. Enjoy:
o Example: She enjoys reading.
2. Avoid:
o Example: He avoids talking to strangers.
3. Consider:
o Example: They are considering moving to a new city.
4. Admit:
o Example: He admitted cheating on the test.
5. Suggest:
o Example: She suggested going to the park.
6. Deny:
o Example: He denied knowing about the plan.
7. Finish:
o Example: She finished writing the report.
8. Miss:
o Example: He misses playing with his friends.
9. Practice:
o Example: She practices speaking English every day.
10. Risk:
o Example: He risks losing his job by being late.
Some examples of prepositions are followed by gerunds:
1. After:
o After finishing his homework,
he went out to play.
2. Before:
o Before going to bed, she
likes to read a book.
3. By:
o He improved his English by practicing every day.
4. In spite of:
o In spite of feeling tired,
she went to the gym.
5. On:
o On hearing the news, they
were shocked.
6. Without:
o He left the room without saying a word.
Exercise Test :
Exercise 1:
Sarah was
excited __________ (to start/starting) her new job. She knew that __________
(to manage/managing) her time well would be crucial. After __________ (to
plan/planning) her schedule, she began __________ (to work/working) on her
tasks. While __________ (to complete/completing) her first project, Sarah
realized she needed some help. She called her colleague, Mark, __________ (to
ask/asking) for advice. Mark suggested __________ (to break/breaking) the
project into smaller parts. Sarah found this advice helpful and decided
__________ (to follow/following) it. As she continued __________ (to
work/working), she felt more confident. By the end of the week, she was able
__________ (to see/seeing) significant progress, which motivated her __________
(to keep/keeping) going.
Exercise 2:
Tom was
determined __________ (to finish/finishing) his marathon training. He knew that
__________ (to manage/managing) his diet and exercise routine was crucial.
After __________ (to plan/planning) his meals and workouts, he began __________
(to train/training) every morning. While __________ (to run/running) one day,
Tom realized he needed better shoes. He went to the store __________ (to
buy/buying) a new pair. The salesperson suggested __________ (to try/trying)
different brands. Tom found this advice helpful and decided __________ (to
follow/following) it. As he continued __________ (to train/training), he felt
more prepared. By the end of the month, he was able __________ (to run/running)
longer distances, which motivated him __________ (to keep/keeping) training.
Exercise 3:
Emma was
thrilled __________ (to receive/receiving) an invitation to the conference. She
knew that __________ (to prepare/preparing) her presentation well was crucial.
After __________ (to gather/gathering) all her materials, she began __________
(to create/creating) her slides. While __________ (to practice/practicing) her
speech, Emma realized she needed more data. She contacted her team __________
(to ask/asking) for additional information. They suggested __________ (to
include/including) recent statistics. Emma found this advice helpful and
decided __________ (to follow/following) it. As she continued __________ (to
practice/practicing), she felt more confident. By the day of the conference,
she was able __________ (to deliver/delivering) a compelling presentation,
which motivated her __________ (to keep/keeping) improving her skills.
Exercise 4:
David was eager
__________ (to start/starting) his new project. He knew that __________ (to
organize/organizing) his resources well was crucial. After __________ (to
gather/gathering) all the necessary tools, he began __________ (to
build/building) the prototype. While __________ (to assemble/assembling) the
parts, David realized he needed more materials. He went to the hardware store
__________ (to buy/buying) what he needed. The store clerk suggested __________
(to check/checking) the quality of the items. David found this advice helpful
and decided __________ (to follow/following) it. As he continued __________ (to
work/working), he felt more confident. By the end of the week, he was able
__________ (to complete/completing) the prototype, which motivated him
__________ (to keep/keeping) working on the project.
Exercise 5:
Lisa was
determined __________ (to improve/improving) her cooking skills. She knew that
__________ (to practice/practicing) regularly was crucial. After __________ (to
buy/buying) a new cookbook, she began __________ (to try/trying) different
recipes. While __________ (to cook/cooking) one evening, Lisa realized she
needed fresher ingredients. She went to the farmer’s market __________ (to
buy/buying) fresh produce. The vendor suggested __________ (to choose/choosing)
seasonal items. Lisa found this advice helpful and decided __________ (to
follow/following) it. As she continued __________ (to cook/cooking), she felt
more confident. By the end of the month, she was able __________ (to
prepare/preparing) delicious meals, which motivated her __________ (to
keep/keeping) experimenting in the kitchen.
Answer
Exercise 1:
a)
to
start
b)
managing
c)
planning
d)
to
work
e)
completing
f)
to
ask
g)
breaking
h)
to
follow
i)
working
j)
to
see
k)
to
keep
Exercise 2:
a)
to
finish
b)
managing
c)
planning
d)
to
train
e)
running
f)
to
buy
g)
to
try
h)
to
follow
i)
training
j)
to
run
k)
to
keep
Exercise 3:
a)
to
receive
b)
preparing
c)
gathering
d)
to
create
e)
practicing
f)
to
ask
g)
to
include
h)
to
follow
i)
practicing
j)
to
deliver
Exercise 4:
a)
to
start
b)
organizing
c)
gathering
d)
to
build
e)
assembling
f)
to
buy
g)
to
check
h)
to
follow
i)
working
j)
to
complete
k)
to
keep
Exercise 5:
a)
to
improve
b)
practicing
c)
buying
d)
to
try
e)
cooking
f)
to
buy
g)
to
choose
h)
to
follow
i)
cooking
j)
to
prepare
k)
to
keep
 |
A participle is a form of a verb that
is used as an adjective or to form certain verb tenses. There are two
main types of participles:
1. Present Participle: This is formed by
adding -ing to the base form of the verb (e.g., “running,”
“singing”). It can be used to describe an ongoing action or to form continuous
tenses.
o
Example: “The running water was refreshing.”
2. Past Participle: This is usually
formed by adding -ed to the base form of regular verbs (e.g.,
“walked,” “jumped”) or using the third form of irregular verbs (e.g., “gone,”
“written”). It can be used to describe a completed action or to form perfect
tenses.
o
Example: “The written report was thorough.”
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